Palabras clave
armas de fuego
disparos
comportamiento racional
Ciudad de México
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los estudios del crimen durante la pandemia analizan el impacto de las medidas de confinamiento y distanciamiento social sobre los índices delictivos en varias ciudades alrededor del mundo, incluyendo México. Las investigaciones revelan reducciones significativas en el volumen y la distribución de la frecuencia de delitos, pero los resultados difieren por tipo de delito y ciudad analizada. No obstante, son escasos los estudios sobre el impacto de la pandemia en los patrones espaciales delictivos. Con nueva información de las llamadas al 911 en la Ciudad de México, esta investigación analiza los reportes de disparos con estimadores locales de concentración espacial. Los resultados muestran patrones diferenciados por colonias y una persistente concentración espacial en la zona oriente de la ciudad. En contraste con la disminución de delitos relacionados con armas de fuego, este hallazgo sugiere que las armas se utilizan en algunas zonas en actividades distintas a los delitos asociados a comportamientos racionales.
Citas
Abrams, D. S. (2021). Covid and crime: An early empirical look. Journal of public economics, 194, 104344.
ADIP (Agencia Digital de Innovación Pública). (2021). Delimitación territorial de las colonias de la Ciudad de México. Gobierno de la Ciudad de México.
Agresti, A. (2007). An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, 2a. ed. John Wiley y Sons.
Andresen, M. A. y Malleson, N. (2011). Testing the stability of crime patterns: Implications for theory and policy. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 48(1), 58-82.
Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association-LISA. Geographical analysis, 27(2), 93-115.
Ashby, M. P. (2020). Initial evidence on the relationship between the coronavirus pandemic and crime in the United States. Crime Science, 9, 1-16.
Baddeley, A., Rubak, E. y Turner, R. (2015). Spatial point patterns: methodology and applications with R. CRC Press.
Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and punishment: An economic approach. In The economic dimensions of crime (pp. 13-68). Palgrave Macmillan.
Braga, A. A., Andresen, M. A. y Lawton, B. (2017). The law of crime concentration at places: Editors’ introduction. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 33, 421-426.
Braga, A. A. y Weisburd, D. (2010). Policing problem places: Crime hot spots and effective prevention. Reino Unido: Oxford University Press on Demand.
Chun, Y. y Griffith, D. A. (2013). Spatial statistics and geostatistics: theory and applications for geographic information science and technology. Sage Publications.
Clarke, R. V. G. y Felson, M. (Eds.). (1993). Routine activity and rational choice, vol. 5. Transaction Publishers.
Clarke, R. V. G. y Smith M. J. (2012). On being crime specific: observations on the career of. En The Reasoning Criminologist: Essays in honor of Ronald V Clarke (pp. 52-67). Routledge.
Conover, W. J. (1971). Practical Nonparametric Statistics. John Wiley y Sons.
Cornish, D. (2017). Theories of action in criminology: Learning theory and rational choice approaches. En Routine activity and rational choice (pp. 351-382). Routledge.
Cornish, D. B. y Clarke, R. V. (2002). Crime as a rational choice. Criminological theories: Bridging the past to the future (pp. 77-96). Sage Publications.
Curman, A. S., Andresen, M. A. y Brantingham, P. J. (2015). Crime and place: A longitudinal examination of street segment patterns in Vancouver, BC. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 31(1), 127-147.
De la Miyar, J. R. B., Hoehn-Velasco, L. y Silverio-Murillo, A. (2021a). Druglords don’t stay at home: Covid-19 pandemic and crime patterns in Mexico City. Journal of Criminal Justice, 72, 101745.
De la Miyar, J. R. B., Hoehn-Velasco, L. y Silverio-Murillo, A. (2021b). The U-shaped crime recovery during Covid-19: evidence from national crime rates in Mexico. Crime science, 10(1), 1-23.
DOF (Diario Oficial de la Federación). (2021). Acuerdo que establece los Lineamientos de la Acción Ferias de Paz y Desarme Voluntario. https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5631167yfecha=29/09/2021
Durbin, J. (1973). Distribution theory for tests based on the sample distribution function. Siam.
Eisner, M. y Nivette, A. (2020). Violence and the pandemic: Urgent questions for research. Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation.
Estévez-Soto, P. R. (2021). Crime and Covid-19: Effect of changes in routine activities in Mexico City. Crime Science, 10(1), 1-17.
Fondevila, G., Vilalta, C. y Massa, R. (2021). On the relationship between police force presence and crime in Mexico: A spatial analysis. Police Practice and Research, 1-15.
García-Tejeda, E., Fondevila, G. y Siordia, O. S. (2021). Spatial Analysis of Gunshot Reports on Twitter in Mexico City. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(8), 540.
Gobierno de la Ciudad de México (2021). Versión Pública de la Base de Datos del Número de Atención a Emergencias 9-1-1.
Hatchimonji, J. S., Swendiman, R. A., Seamon, M. J. y Nance, M. L. (2020). Trauma does not quarantine: violence during the Covid-19 pandemic. Annals of surgery, 272(2), e53.
Hoehn-Velasco, L., Silverio-Murillo, A. y De la Miyar, J. R. B. (2021). The great crime recovery: Crimes against women during, and after, the Covid-19 lockdown in Mexico. Economics y Human Biology, 41, 100991.
Hope, A. C. (1968). A simplified Monte Carlo significance test procedure. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 30(3), 582-598.
Kim, D. Y. y Phillips, S. W. (2021). When Covid-19 and guns meet: A rise in shootings. Journal of Criminal Justice, 73, 101783.
Kravitz-Wirtz, N., Aubel, A., Schleimer, J. P., Pallin, R. y Wintemute, G. (2020). Violence, firearms, and the coronavirus pandemic: Findings from the 2020 California Safety and Wellbeing Survey. MedRxiv.
Lee, Y., Eck, J. E., SooHyun, O. y Martinez, N. N. (2017). How concentrated is crime at places? A systematic review from 1970 to 2015. Crime Science, 6(1), 1-16.
Logan, J. R. (2012). Making a place for space: Spatial thinking in social science. Annual review of sociology, 38, 507-524.
Massa Roldan, R., Fondevila, G. y García-Tejeda, E. (2021). Female homicide victimisation in Mexico: a group-based trajectory and spatial study. Global Crime, 22(2), 123-142.
Marsaglia, G., Tsang, W. W. y Wang, J. (2003). Evaluating Kolmogorov’s distribution. Journal of statistical software, 8(18), 1-4.
Miller, J. M. y Blumstein, A. (2020). Crime, justice y the Covid-19 pandemic: Toward a national research agenda. American journal of criminal justice, 45(4), 515-524.
Mohler, G., Bertozzi, A. L., Carter, J., Short, M. B., Sledge, D., Tita, G. E., Uchida, C. D. y Brantingham, P. J. (2020). Impact of social distancing during Covid-19 pandemic on crime in Los Angeles and Indianapolis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 68, 101692
Patefield, W. M. (1981). Algorithm AS 159: an efficient method of generating random R×C tables with given row and column totals. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C (Applied Statistics), 30(1), 91-97.
Prieto Curiel, R. (2021). Weekly Crime Concentration. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 1-28.
Shayegh, S. y Malpede, M. Staying Home Saves Lives, Really! Available online. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3567394. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3567394
Siegel, S. y Castellan, N. J. (2015). Estadística no paramétrica: aplicada a las ciencias de la conducta. Trillas.
Stickle, B. y Felson, M. (2020). Crime rates in a pandemic: The largest criminological experiment in history. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(4), 525-536.
Sutherland, M., McKenney, M. y Elkbuli, A. (2021). Gun violence during Covid-19 pandemic: paradoxical trends in New York city, Chicago, los Angeles and Baltimore. The American journal of emergency medicine, 39, 225-226.
Tilley, N. y Sidebottom, A. (Eds.). (2017). Handbook of crime prevention and community safety. Routledge.
Vilalta, C. y Fondevila, G. (2014). Perfiles criminales I: frecuencias y descriptivos, vol. 2. CIDE.
Weisburd, D. (2015). The law of crime concentration and the criminology of place. Criminology, 53(2), 133-157.