Palabras clave
inclusión
territorios rurales-urbanos
vínculos urbanos-rurales
Cómo citar
Resumen
Describimos los patrones de crecimiento económico y progreso social en los “territorios funcionales” colombianos. En contraste con las divisiones políticas y administrativas que emergen en parte por razones históricas no relacionadas con las interacciones económicas, los territorios funcionales reflejan los patrones de aglomeración espacial y las interacciones económicas en un territorio. Usando una nueva definición de territorios funcionales, nuestro análisis revela una fragmentación notoria en las interacciones económicas: cerca del 66% de los municipios (con 20% de la población del país) no tienen vínculos importantes con sus áreas vecinas. Un conjunto relativamente más (pero aún muy parcialmente) integrado de municipios con mayor población tienen mayores vínculos entre ellos. Este espacio “rural-urbano” tiene solo el 31% de toda la población. El resto de colombianos está en zonas “urbanas” o “Metropolitanas” de aglomeraciones más pobladas y conectadas. Describimos estos territorios en dos dimensiones: crecimiento económico o “dinamismo” y progreso social o “inclusión”. Para ello, proponemos un marco conceptual que organiza los insumos que pueden mejorar estos resultados. Las aglomeraciones más grandes y urbanizadas tienen ventajas visibles en estos insumos. Además, los determinantes de largo plazo son los que mejor ayudan a distinguir entre territorios. Consistente con esto, los territorios más grandes y urbanizados tienen mejores resultados, sobre todo en actividad económica. También, los lugares más dinámicos tienden a ser los más incluyentes.
Citas
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